Investigating Surface Deformation Caused by Excavation of Curved Shield in Upper Soft and Lower Hard Soil

Existing studies on surface deformation prediction consider single soil layers and straight-line excavation when investigating caused by metro shield construction. In this study, we provide a new method for studying the curved tunnel construction in upper soft lower hard soil. The equations are derived using Mindlin solution random medium theory verified engineering examples numerical simulation. influencing factors laws of also identified. study found that horizontal settlement trough ground was distributed asymmetrically during curve construction, with maximum inner side curve. offset values were affected thrust difference coefficients α β turning radius. When constructing layers, tends to become wider shallower. results show equation is suitable actual calculations, measured data good agreement.